West Cork Palaeoecology

Pollen

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• Acer

  Acer - most commonly seen is the Sycamore, Acer pseudoplatanus but it is not considered to be native. Our native acer is the hedge maple, Acer campestris. This is a small tree of woodland edges, clearings and hedgerows.

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• Achillea_type

  Achillea_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Ajuga

  Ajuga - to be completed.

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• Alnus

  Alnus - our native Alder Alnus glutinosa is a commonly occurring tree in wet places. In modern times it is being added to by the Italian alder in, and fringing, plantations

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• Arbutus

  Arbutus - the Killarney Strawberry tree Arbutus unedo is related closely to the heathers and to bilberry and cranberry, a member fo the Ericaceae. The tree is unusual in that the flowerbuds, flowers, and fruit, often all appear on the tree at the same time. Arbutus prefers damp and acidic locations, but will soon die out if shded, so is not a woodland tree.

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• Armeria

  Armeria - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Artemisia

  Artemisia - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Asteraceae

  Asteraceae - to be completed.

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• Astragalus_alpinus_type

  Astragalus_alpinus_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Betula

  Betula - late Midlandian flora Betula pubescens, Betula pendula occur in Ireland, the former (Downy Birch) being more tolerant of wetter soils. The latter (Silver Birch) is more likely to be found on drier and even sandy soils. The Dwarf Birch Betula nana is a classic early tree of tundra and cold open lands, but is not now found in Ireland. Birch trees do not tolerate shade, but they allow grass and herbs to grwo under their shade due to their leaf cover not being dense enough to exclude light.

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• Botrychium

  Botrychium - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Campanula

  Campanula - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Carex

  Carex - to be completed.

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• Carpinus

  Carpinus - the Hornbeam, Carpinus betulus, not generally considered to be native to Ireland.

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• Caryophyllaceae

  Caryophyllaceae - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Ceratophyllum_leaf_hairs

  Ceratophyllum_leaf_hairs - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• cf._Elatine

  cf._Elatine - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• cf._Lotus

  cf._Lotus - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Chenopodiaceae

  Chenopodiaceae - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Cirsium_type

  Cirsium_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Corylus

  Corylus - late Midlandian flora - Corylus avellana, the Hazel, is a commonly occurring tree native to Ireland. It is well known for forming understorey and fringes to woodlands as well as shrubby areas.

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• Cratagus

  Cratagus - Cratagus monogyna is our common Hawthorn, or someimes called Whitethorn (in contrast to the Blackthorn (Prunus see below).

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• Cruciferae

  Cruciferae - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Cyperaceae

  Cyperaceae - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Cystopteris

  Cystopteris - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Dryas

  Dryas - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Dryopteris_filix-mas_type

  Dryopteris_filix-mas_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Empetrum

  Empetrum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Ephedra_distachya

  Ephedra_distachya - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Epilobium

  Epilobium - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Equisetum

  Equisetum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Fagus

  Fagus - the Beech - Fagus sylvatica - is a large tree - but it is possibly not native to Ireland. Young Beech trees are very tolerant of shade, even growing beneath heavily overshadowing foliage like yew trees.

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• Filipendula

  Filipendula - late Midlandian flora - Filipendula ulmaria known widely as Meadowsweet.

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• Fraxinus

  Fraxinus - the Ash tree - Fraxinus excelsior. Ash trees require plenty of light when young. The mature trees can be very large and tall.

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• Galium

  Galium - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Graminae

  Graminae - late Midlandian flora - this is the older term for grasses which is used more often now to refer to cultivated grains, the larger monoporate pollen grains. Grass pollen is classified now as Poaceae (see below)

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• Helianthemum

  Helianthemum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Hippophae

  Hippophae - late Midlandian flora Hippophae is represented by the Sea Buckthorn.

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• Ilex

  Ilex - to be completed.

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• Jasione

  Jasione - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Juniperus

  Juniperus - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Koenigia

  Koenigia - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Larix

  Larix - to be completed.

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• Liguliflorae

  Liguliflorae - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Linum

  Linum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Littorella

  Littorella - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Lycopodium_alpinum

  Lycopodium_alpinum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Lycopodium_selago

  Lycopodium_selago - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Mentha_type

  Mentha_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Menyanthes

  Menyanthes - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Myrica

  Myrica - to be completed.

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• Myriophyllum_alterniflorum

  Myriophyllum_alterniflorum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Myriophyllum_spicatum

  Myriophyllum_spicatum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Ononis_type

  Ononis_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Ophioglossum

  Ophioglossum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Picea

  Picea - to be completed.

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• Pinus

  Pinus - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Plantago

  Plantago - to be completed.

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• Plantago_major_type

  Plantago_major_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Plantago_maritima

  Plantago_maritima - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Poaceae

  Poaceae - to be completed.

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• Polygonum_amphibium

  Polygonum_amphibium - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Polygonum_persicaria

  Polygonum_persicaria - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Polygonum_viviparum

  Polygonum_viviparum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Polypodium

  Polypodium - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Populus

  Populus - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Potamogeton

  Potamogeton - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Potentilla

  Potentilla - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Prunus

  Prunus - to be completed.

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• Quercus

  Quercus - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Ranunculus

  Ranunculus - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Rosaceae

  Rosaceae - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Rumex_type

  Rumex_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Salix

  Salix - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Sanguisorba_officinalis

  Sanguisorba_officinalis - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Saxifraga_aizoides

  Saxifraga_aizoides - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Saxifraga_hypnoides_type

  Saxifraga_hypnoides_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Saxifraga_oppositifolia

  Saxifraga_oppositifolia - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Scrophulariaceae

  Scrophulariaceae - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Sedum_rosea

  Sedum_rosea - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Selaginella

  Selaginella - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Sparganium_type

  Sparganium_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Taraxacum

  Taraxacum - to be completed.

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• Taxus

  Taxus - to be completed.

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• Thalictrum

  Thalictrum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Trifolium

  Trifolium - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Tripleurospermum

  Tripleurospermum - to be completed.

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• Tubulliflorae

  Tubulliflorae - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Typha_latifolia

  Typha_latifolia - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Ulex

  Ulex - to be completed.

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• Ulmus

  Ulmus - to be completed.

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• Umbelliferae

  Umbelliferae - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Unidentified

  Unidentified - to be completed.

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• Urtica

  Urtica - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Viburnum

  Viburnum - late Midlandian flora to be completed.

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• Vicia_type

  Vicia_type - late Midlandian flora to be completed.